Edna St. Vincent Millays My Candle Burns at Both Ends

When award-winning poet  Edna St. Vincent Millay  died of a heart attack on Oct. 19, 1950, the New York Times noted that she was well known for crafting a poem that ended my candle burns at both ends. The newspaper of record pointed out that critics viewed the line of verse as frivolous, but that hadnt stopped Millay from surfacing as an idol of the younger generation during the 1920s. Today, the poet,  born on Feb.  22, 1892, is no longer an idol to youth, but her poetry is widely taught in schools.  She remains an inspiration to both feminists and the LGBT community. With this brief overview of Millays frivolous work, First Fig, the poem in which the candle line appears, get a better understanding of the verses context and its reception after it was published. Text of First Fig First Fig appeared in Millays poetry collection  A Few Figs from Thistles: Poems and Four  Sonnets, which debuted in  1920. It was just the young poets second collection of poems. Her first, Renascence: and other poems, came out three years earlier.  The critics who dismissed First Fig had no idea that Millay would go on to win the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1923 for  The Ballad of the Harp Weaver. She was only the third woman to win the Pulitzer in the poetry category. Perhaps because First Fig was just a single stanza, it was easily memorized and came to be the work with which Millay is most associated. The poem is as follows: My candle burns at both endsIt will not last the night;But ah, my foes, and oh, my friends -It gives a lovely light. First Fig Analysis and Reception Because First Fig is such a short poem, its easy to think that theres not much to it, but that isnt the case. Think about what it means to have a candle that burns at both ends. Such a candle burns twice as fast as other candles.  Then, think about what a candle may represent. It could symbolize Millays erotic passions, giving the poem an entirely different context. Someone whose desires burn out twice as quickly as anothers may not make for a longtime love but is certainly more passionate than the average mate. According to the Poetry Foundation,  A Few Figs from Thistles cemented Millays reputation of  madcap youth and rebellion, provoking the disapproval of critics. The collection is known for its   flippancy, cynicism and frankness, the foundation notes. More Work by Millay While Millay made a name for herself with Figs, critics seem to think that her next poetry collection,  Second April  (1921), is a better reflection of her skills as a poet. The volume contains both free verse and sonnets, which Millay excelled at as a poet.

Evaluation Of A Team Training Program - 1516 Words

If I were the coach of a softball team and had to formulate a pre-season, in-season, and post-season work out program I would start by making a list for each to stay on track. For pre-season, things I would bullet point would be; running, weight training, skill specific sessions and learning strategies. Next would be for in-season practices and this is going to be my maintenance phase. Last is the post-season part that is focusing on getting ready for the next year so I would bullet point these topics; weight training, running, skill specific practices, and leave room for participation in other sports as well. A pre-season training program should start 8-12 weeks prior to the first competition date (Powers 2012). This part of the season is to increase energy systems used in this particular sport to their maximum potential. With my softball team in a pre-season session, I would start with weight training and running to increase each individual player’s strength and endurance. S trength and endurance training should be done on alternating days to optimize strength gains but can be done together depending on what the coach is trying to accomplish. According to Powers, if these two types of training are done together, there may be a lower gain in strength than with only strength training itself. Things that I would like to do for endurance with softball players would be home to outfield sprints with walk back recoveries about 8 to 10 times with 3 sets of high knee drills for 20Show MoreRelatedCareer Development Plan Summary1639 Words   |  7 Pagesassume additional responsibilities but also initiate the hiring of additional team members. This report will introduce five new positions to the team, the implementation of a new training program, evaluation process, incentive/benefit package, compensation, and career development strategies to supplement these new positions. New Team Development Until this point in time, the finance department has sustained five team members. Two members have been assigned to maintain accounts receivable, two otherRead MoreInterclean Training and Mentoring Program Memo1748 Words   |  7 PagesSupervisory Team From: Sales Manager Date: 7/26/2009 Re: Training and Mentoring Program Introduction The purpose of this memo is to address the training and mentoring program that will be implemented as a result of the recent merger with EnviroTech. As a part of this transition, the company has decided to provide training to all the personnel selected for the new sales team. 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The company established a new strategicRead MoreAdvanced Home Care s Customer Care Center1142 Words   |  5 Pagesdifference between current and desired states† (Click4ut unitar learning and training wiki. (n.d.). Needs Assessment). It was the hope that in doing a needs assessment there would be data that helped to better understand the current state of the team and the clear deficiencies as to why they are not where they should be. The information collected in a needs assessment helps to inform and drive every decision about the needs of the team and what is necessary to fill the need. If there is no understandingRead MoreTraining as a Problem Solving Tool1220 Words   |  5 PagesAnswer: 1:The Model of Training Processes Serves as a Problem-Solving Tool Training Training can be defined as a process which brings an employee to an acceptable and decided standard of talent and skills through teaching and making them learn via guidance. 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During the initial assessment phase of the program, it is necessary to outline the goals that the management team feels is necessary to improve the effectiveness of the sales team as well as develop a processRead MoreThe CIPP Approach to Evaluation and Kirkpatrick’s Four Levels of Training Evaluation1124 Words   |  5 PagesComparative Evaluations In this comparative essay I will be comparing The CIPP approach to evaluation and Kirkpatrick’s four levels of training evaluation. This comparative essay will document the key components, how the evaluations are alike and different, and how they can be employed in my practice. Stufflebeam’s CIPP Model (Context, Input, Process, and Product) was created in 1983. This evaluation approach deals with an effective way of examining several distinctive facets of the developmentRead MoreEvaluation Of The Training Evaluation Process Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The training evaluation process is a necessary assessment of the benefits that the organization and the trainee receive from training (Phillips, 2016), while the performance evaluation is an appraisal process geared to improve employee’s performance and skills after training (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, Cardy, 2016, p. 206). These two assessment processes are critical for examining the effectiveness of training and hiring process for the â€Å"Wines of the World† class dinner (or the Dinner) at

Corporate Financial Assignment

Question: Describe about the internal rate of return. Answer: Internal rate of return is superior to the Average rate of return in following ways; Under Internal rate of return, the net percentage of profit is zero or it is almost ignored since the cost of investment is weighted by the benefits that one derives from the investment. Under the Average rate of return, the actual value of the profit is represented in percentage for each of the dollars invested is taken in to the account. It is also noted that under Internal rate of return all gains that one derives are inherent to the value of money that one invests whereas under the average rate of return time factor is not taken account. Comparative study of NPV and IRR: Every organization is faced with the dilemma of making a choice between the projects. Net present value and the internal rate of return are two of the most common parameters which is the most common parameters used in the certain projects as both the criterion give contradictory outcome. This means that if one considers the NPV method but on the other side the same time IRR method favors another project. One of the advantages of NPV is that it is expressed as absolute terms while IRR is expressed in percentage terms. On the other hand, NPV makes the process of decision making easy while IRR does not offer the ease of decision-making. Variation in the outflow of cash will not effect the NPV while under IRR it variation in the cash flow will either show multiple or negative reflections. The purpose of NPV is to determine the surplus from the investment made in the project on the other hand IRR represents the state of neither profit nor loss. Conclusion: The report is prepared in accordance with the accounting principle and therefore, all the figures represent true and fair view of investment in equipment. A comparative study shows that IRR and NPV is more useful tool than the ARR and the pay back period. It is advisable for the management to retain the old equipment rather than investing in new equipment since the profitability index and the sensitivity analysis shows that old equipment is beneficial for the organization than investing in new equipment. Reference List Chen, C., Li, G. and Reynolds, A., 2012. Robust constrained optimization of short-and long-term net present value for closed-loop reservoir management.SPE Journal,17(03), pp.849-864. Guerra, M.L., Magni, C.A. and Stefanini, L., 2014. Interval and fuzzy Average Internal Rate of Return for investment appraisal.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,257, pp.217-241.

The importance of music Essay Example For Students

The importance of music Essay Music first formed in ancient time and continued to develop simultaneously with civilization. It is said that without music, our world would become boring. Why music is so important? Why many people spend a lot of time on listening to music? In fact, music affects us more than we know. Music plays important roles in our life: it connects people, entertains us and has other uses in particular times. First, music connects people. Different ages, different classes of people come closer getting know each other through music. Specifically, many international concerts was held worldwide in a Joint effort to exchange culture and struck up or evolve friendship. The countries, as a result, can lead to a multilateral development agreements. Moreover, the people in those countries can be pleased thanks to the influence of music idols. In addition, music can heal the breach between people. It reduces seriousness among those who are in debates. Familiar melodies bring back their memories, throw them back to their happy time in the past and it reconnects them in spiritual level. We will write a custom essay on The importance of music specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Besides, music encourages humanitarian actions. People often hold charity concerts and music makes them easy to emphasize with unfortunate lives. In other words, music brings us together. Second, music entertains us in many ways. After long hours working hard, listening to our favorite rhythm can help us relax or even stimulate our brain in order to keep on working efficiency. Furthermore, after a stressful day, music is one of the best ways to entertain. It can be exciting, gentle or soft, depending on the listeners sense. An amazing way to enjoy music is to attend concerts, theaters or Just turn on TV and listen to our favorite songs. Moreover, if you can play musical instruments, it will be the best way to enjoy music. Playing music by ourselves, we understand completely he song and get closer to the singer. Music is an important part of our life. Entertainment is the thing cannot be denied when we talk about music. Finally, music also has many good uses to people. Apparently, with music, we can express ourselves, our feeling, our thought and our emotion. For example, when we are sad, we prefer to listen to sad song like Unchain melody in order to show our sadness. Moreover, music can create particular atmosphere for different situation. For instance, people prefer to open solemn music in some formal occasions. One more use of music is that it builds up nation esteem. Specifically, when listening to nation anthem,we are proud of our country more than ever. In short, music has many incredible uses that strongly affect our thoughts, our emotion and our work. In summary, music plays important roles in our life. Not only are the young people influenced by music but also the old cant help enjoying the rhythm. Music relaxes us, assists us with many good things but its uppermost effect is to bring us together. It is hard for us to imagine a world without music, that would be boring and full of sadness. The importance of music By painlessly 2

20 Financial Accounting Topics for Research Proposal

20 Financial Accounting Topics for Research Proposal Our previous guide emphasized on facts based on Financial Accounting to help you carry out a research in the light of the facts we provided. Our second guide focuses on different topics related to financial accounting to help you pick the best topics for research. Besides having 20 research topics for your proposal, this guide also contains an essay based on one of them. In addition to this, we have also mentioned a few references at the bottom of this guide as well as the previous one to help you search relevant information regarding the topic you choose. Do not forget to go through our last guide, which contains tips on how to write a research proposal.  It includes the patterns and structures on which a research proposal should be written. It is a must read for students preparing a research proposal for the very first time. So, here are our 20 topics to help you make up your mind to come up with a topic for accounting topics for research of your own or selecting one from the list: Can Accounting Software Help Reduce Cost? How Accounting Software Improve Productivity Can Financial Accounting Reduce Risk Management? A Research on How Financial Accounting is Transforming The Impact of Auditing on the Financial Position of a Business What is Causing Financial Instability among Giant Businesses? The Impact of Increasing Number of Accounting Graduates in the World A Study on How Long Term Debts Affect an Organisation Can a Balance Sheet Give a Company’s Financial Standing?   Is Computerized Accounting Better Than Manual Accounting?   Why Should an Organization Have a Separate Finance Department?   How Would Financial Statements Look Like Without Accounting Standards?   How are Accountants Creating Their Names in the Accounting firm   Is Financial Reporting Critical to Ensure Customer’s Confidence?   Is there a Need to Change Accounting Standards With Evolving Technology?   Why Companies Lie in Accounting Books   Are Current Accounting Standards the Ideal Standards?   Why is There a Need For Regulation in Financial Reporting?   Should Companies Keep Their Financial Instruments Safe?   Is Accounting Only For Big Businesses? To help you even further, we have selected one of the topics above and written a proposal and essay for you to understand how it should be done. Here is a sample essay with a proposal. Sample Essay: Can Accounting Software Help Reduce Cost? The proposal will discuss why you chose this topic and what you wish to find out. Proposal: The use of computer software in accounting is on a constant rise. Computers seem to have replaced human accountants in different industries. Many experts believe it is due to cost difference, but is there more to this issue? This research paper will discuss the impact of computer accounting software, and answer if it really helps reduce cost. Essay: The most difficult and frustrating part about running a business is managing its costs. A successful business requires well maintained a monitoring and management system. A good managing and monitoring accounting software will help you reduce cost, as per most experts. An accounting software helps you automate daily routine procedures and save you a lot of precious time and cost. Accounting software has helped small businesses in gaining an upper edge when it comes to saving cost. For instance, Payroll managing software helps in computerizing data and increasing the pace of the operations. Besides speeding up the process, it also keeps a business safe from making blunders which can turn out to be disastrous in the future or cost the business a hefty loss. The concept of recording operations and inventory of business over accounting programs wasn’t much talk among the successful businesses when manual bookkeeping was at a rise. However, within a very short span of time, accounting software took the industry by storm. The business owners were more than happy to have their data automated and operated with such ease and helped them reduce cost in many ways. According to reports, 50% of all businesses are using software to do full or at least partial accounting. It automates the system which helps in reducing the cost. This move has made manual bookkeeping vanish into thin air. Both large and small business owners are turning over towards using an accounting software for their businesses. If we have a look at supermarts, they are running on accounting software which helps them have smooth financial operations. It reduces time and cost! An accounting software helps you maintain the inventory at an accurate state, it keeps on reminding you if your stock is running out and also makes most documents on its own, with just one click. Since computers are doing most of the maths, you do not run the risk of mistakes either. So, where do you save costs? You save it by reducing your financial department. You do not need to hire accountants as all you need is one person to handle the software and feed the required information into the system. The person will also have more time in hand to devote to other tasks that they would otherwise waste in doing calculations. Accounting software reduces cash flow problems. Tracking the sales detail of a particular product or service lets you know which of your items are more demanded. Thus, it gives you the idea of how to manage your stock. Practicing this technique lets you promote a nice running cash flow. A lack of mistakes also saves you penalties and other such problems, resulting in financial benefits. Exactly how much you can save by turning towards an accounting tool is subjective and depends on the size and nature of your business. But, looking at stats, it says that the savings will be good enough to make the jump. The only trouble is training and getting used to a new system, but considering benefits, it is all worth it. There you have it, a precise, informative essay. Let us now move on to our third and final guide which will help you understand the structure of writing a research proposal. But before that, let’s have a look at references mentioned below. References: Elikai, D. Inancevich, and S. Ivancevich, ‘‘Accounting Software Selection and User Satisfaction,’’ The CPA Journal (May 2007), p. 26. Net Suite (2008) The Benefits of Integrated Business Management Software for Wholesale Distributors: Overcoming the Barriers of Stand-alone Business Applications netsuite.com/portal/pdf/integrated-software-for-wd.pdf Top 10 Accounting/Financial Management Software for Mid-sized Businesses, (2009), otaccounting.com/top_10_accounting.pdf Walker Wayland, (2010), Benefits of a computerised accounting system. wwauckland.co.nz/files/docs/benefits%20of%20a%20computerised%20accounting%20system.pdf

How Veal Crates Are Used in Factory Farms

How Veal Crates Are Used in Factory Farms One of the biggest arguments made by non-vegetarians is that dairy is not harmful to the animals since the animal does not need to be killed for dairy products. But to animal-rights activists, stealing milk right from the mothers breasts from a baby anything is despicable. Should we deny a baby the nutrition he needs to grow just so humans can drink it and get fat and laden with cholesterol? Veal in the Dairy Industry Thats not the worst of it. Veal is a by-product of the dairy industry. Like all mammals, female cows must be kept constantly pregnant in order to lactate. In a process called freshening, female cows, called wet cows after giving birth, are kept unnaturally lactating to maximize their milk production. Male calves are taken from their mothers at birth because they are not useful for milk production. These calves are turned into veal. Some female calves are also turned into veal because they are not needed for dairy production. The excess dairy calves are the wrong breed to be useful for beef production, so they are usually slaughtered for veal when they are between 8 and 16 weeks old.   Why Veal Production and Crates Are Controversial Veal crates are used in factory farming to confine dairy calves. The calves are chained and do not have enough room to move or turn around in a crate that measures 22 by 54 inches. Veal production is controversial because many people regard the extreme confinement as excessively cruel. The crates are so small, the animals cannot turn around. This keeps their muscles soft and unused which produces the pale, anemic meat consumers demand. Also, the calves are fed a synthetic formula instead of their mothers’ milk, this formula lacks iron, and causes a variety of health problems. Water is withheld so the calves will crave the formula. The formula has a laxative effect, so the calves are plagued with diarrhea which not only causes painful cramping, but also serious rashes down their legs where the fecal matter, which contains stomach acid in it, burns their skin. Their rectums are also painful, burning and swollen. The method whereby veal is created is so cruel, that many enlightened non-vegetarians have sworn off veal completely because they know they could never enjoy a meal when the animal on their plates suffered intensely.   To add insult to injury, cows are associated with motherhood because they are more doting on their babies than a Jewish mom with her son. Cows have been spotted with tears running down their faces when they hear their calves crying for their mothers.   While some animal advocates work to ban the use of veal crates, the slaughter of any animal for food is antithetical to animal rights, regardless of how much room the animals have when they are alive. Examples of Anti-Veal Crate Initiatives Californias Prop 2, a ballot initiative that was approved by California voters in 2008, banned the use of veal crates and took effect in 2015. The Animal Law Resource Center proposed a model bill and presents a history of legislation addressing veal crates. Edited by  Michelle A. Rivera, Animal Expert

Hypercapitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hypercapitalism - Essay Example Moreover, the total production is normally given guidance and the interests distributed through market operation. It dominated the western world after mercantilism was called to a stop. In addition to that, this system enlarges production capacity by putting in use the excess production over consumption (Colker 111). The initial goals were to allow private ownership of property, provision of capital to the firms, freedom of competition for economic gain and profit motive. Hypercapitalism is a society in which the values of capitalism are given more consideration than the other existing values (Maaasik & Solomon 522).The given essay by pulling information from various reliable resources is going to dwell mostly on hypercapitalism. In the contemporary society, market forces have penetrated almost all aspects of life (Graham 58). Not forgetting, all the companies have emerged into one. We are forced to pay for most intangible things (Perelman 87). This issue drives me to another thing a ltogether; the elements of hypercapitalism. Basically, we have gotten two. That is, excess capitalism and payments of unreal things (Perelman 50). They say that the only way to make your dream come true is by waking up. I totally agree with that. It is high time we all come to our senses and deal with the emerging issue. We should be like the cactus as opposed to the ostriches. Why do I say so? It is only the cactus that raises its head in the desert. With the ostrich, it tries to hide the head in the ground and imagine that the danger is gone. Hypercapitalism is taking stand. This is why we even find companies e.g. the Diesel advising its audience consisting of children that the best way to show their creativity is by having sex (Maasik & Solomon 522). In the recent future, most firms are bigger than what they initially used to be. Also, they are found in many countries at once. They only major on advancing their profit. Barbie’s breast for instance, is out of proportion tha t if she were to be a human woman, she would probably fall on her face (Maasik & Solomon 375). They have indeed prioritized on that rather than anything else. Single world currency has become a cliche to most of them. Moreover, money is considered to be what matters most (Maasik & Solomon 522). Formerly, in the classical duration of the political economy, production of commodities majorly depended on labor (Graham 90). In that case, the level of unemployment was quite low as compared to today. Most firms lay emphasis on the commodities which have been turned into ‘exchange values’. They are then transformed into money and try their level best to ensure that they have maximized on the profit without having a look at the quality of their products (Perelman 69). Taking for instance, United States, the issue of poor parental care is normally attributed to the negative effects of capitalism. It has also made no steps to improve or to help parents to provide parental care. Ho w is this possible? The free market together with the self-government principles that gyrate around Americans capitalism does not allow us to have consideration for social problems. In most cases, the society tries offering assistance by paying leave, insurance and maybe by offering accommodation away from the workplace. All these do not help in that they only take care of the parents and not the infants. The role of capitalism is founded on the basis that goods are meant to be exchanged in the markets. With time, the role of property is changing gradually. When a child is growing up for instance, he or she believes that the status quo of an individual is determined by what they own. We tend to be bound up that the only way human affairs are structured is through selling and buying.

International labor standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International labor standards - Essay Example The ILO is perhaps the only institution of its kind in the world which has the capability and credibility to ensure that international labor standards are implemented and this has lent credence to its continued existence. This agency’s recommendations tend to mainly provide guidance to its 183 member states but while this may be the case, its various conventions tend to be given the status of treaties, which are often binding on its members. Despite this being the case, it is a fact that these conventions do not go into force in the ILO member countries until such a time as they are ratified by individual governments. It is through the establishment of labor standards among ILO member states that it is possible to promulgate and enforce those national laws that are in line with its conventions (Warnecke & De Ruyter, 2010). Thus, it is through these means that the ILO work towards ensuring that international labor standard are enforced in order to protect the labor resources of the world from abuse. The ILO was established in 1919 during the Paris Peace Conference, the aim of the latter being an attempt to ensure that there was a lessening of public support for communist ideals. It is because of this that the allies chose to insert clauses into the peace treaty which would ensure that there would be the protection of labor unions as well as the rights of workers in the diverse industries of the world at the time. It was agreed that an international body, whose main purpose was to help in the guidance of international labor relations, would be established in the future. The first annual conference of the newly created organization was took place on October 1919 i Washington D.C. and it is during this conference that there was the adoption of the first six international labor conventions. These conventions dealt with the working hours in industry, how to define and handle unemployment, maternity protection, the minimum age to work,

Hw assignment revised Essay Example for Free

Hw assignment revised Essay Culture includes everything about a particular groups way of life; from high art to the most ordinary behavior (what we eat for breakfast, for example). It is defined as the manner of life for a whole society and the sum of socially transmitted behavioral patterns and can be classified into values, norms, institutions and artifacts. The set of distinctive features of a society or a social group, which includes emotional, spiritual and intellectual, can be called as culture. It encompasses the community’s ways of existing together, its value systems, customs and ideals. Everything we do, from our food to our behavior can be considered as culture. From the essay, â€Å"From Culture to Hegemony, culture is defined as the norm of life. Barthes who used the model of linguist de Saussure, sought to uncover the latent meanings of the norms. He tried it from boxing to little things. Transmission of culture is done through language, material objects, customs, institutions, and art, passed from one generation to another generation. Usually, this transmission remains intact and â€Å"pure†; however, when foreign influences set in either through cultural diffusion and/or assimilation, naturally, the native culture will have become irreparably modified. In â€Å"From a Native Daughter†, Haunaini-Kay Trask, bemoans the rape of her native lands culture. How the haole invaded their land and proceeded to change their history. For her historians like the missionaries from whom she had her education, were a part of then colonizing horde, one part colonized the spirit and the other the mind. She believed that any outsider were to understand them, one should first know their language, their songs, their chants, their customs, and their bond with the aina (the land). She said, â€Å"This bond is cultural, it can only be understood culturally†¦Ã¢â‚¬  IDEOLOGY: Ideology includes the underlying ideas that shape culture. These ideas are often what we take for granted, i. e. they are unconscious. For example, the idea that success is gained through going to college and getting a high paying job seems so obvious as to be truth. However, it is part of an ideology. A trick in identifying ideologies is to look for undefined terms in a statement. What does success mean and where did that meaning come from? Ideology is the organized collection of underlying ideas that shape the culture. Being unconscious, they are often taken for granted. They are abstract thoughts applied to reality and every society has an ideology on which they base their actions on. From Marx’s Ideology as quoted in Subculture: the meaning of Style by Dick Hebdidge, ideology is defined as a set of common beliefs that lie beneath the awareness commonly known as â€Å"common sense†. This common sense, although transparently, validates ideas. These taken for granted phenomena can function as signs, which in turn, will reflect the reality of the culture and can be analyzed through mapping them on a range of potential meanings. Power and class are parameters which extends and vary ideology thus making it achievable to have different levels of divided labor. Our education system is the one who is responsible in instilling the ideology into the individuals of the society. In other words, the ideologies are maps of probable meanings which serve to have persons think their way into positions of power or subordination. HEGEMONY: A form of power usually built on ideologies. Instead of bullying (i. e. using coercion) to get your way, its easier and more sustainable to make your victim believe that your way is the right way. For example, car makers dont have to force us to buy new cars at gunpoint; its easier to make us think that getting a new car every couple of years is simply what one does. The underlying ideology might be that newness equals human progress. Hegemony is the subtle almost undetected authority of one individual over another and/or one group of people over another group. This dominance however doesn’t use threats or force. Naturally, the dominant party in our society has their advantages. For example, a dominant party can dictate the terms of trade to its advantage. Moreover, our cultural perspectives became in favor of the dominant group. It controls the way ideas are discarded or neutralized. It happens in a process where hegemony alters our notions of common sense of a given society. According to the Gramsci, hegemony is the association of social groups exerting total social authority through coercion, imposition of thought or shaping consent. Familiar examples of this include the selling of cars where you coerce your buyers to buy because it is only right that you get yourself a car and thinking that it is simply what one does after a few years of using an old car. It may also because of the ideology that’s behind it is that a new car means an improvement in your lifestyle. Hall is also quoted in Subculture: the meaning of style, in the chapter, From Culture to Hegemony, Hall (1977) was cited saying, â€Å"hegemony refers to the situation in which a provisional alliance of a certain social group exerts total social authority over other subordinate groups not only through coercion or by the direct imposition of ruling ideas but by winning and shaping consent so that the power of the dominating class appears to be legitimate and natural†¦ â€Å" DEFAMILIARIZATION: Lastly, defamiliarization, also called â€Å"ostanenie† is a method of forcing the audience to see common things in an unfamiliar way. It is done in order to improve the insight of the familiar. Religion is a tried and tested way of bringing order to a world of chaotic events. In the article, World View and the Analysis of Sacred Symbols, from the Antioch Review by Clifford Geertz wherein he describes how religion is composed of sets of symbols that are in turn composed of meanings that can only be stored in the symbols. He says that a people’s ethos is the way they dress or their movements and the way they talk. In general it is the quality of their lives while the world view is the cognitive aspect reflects how the people view the natural order of things as they are found in their world. All of these things are in some way or another affected by the religion of the people. Geertz considers the wajang as the clearest illustration of the relationship between the metaphysical (i. e. religion, belief etc†¦) and the people of Java’s actual values. The wajang is the ritual shadow play using puppets that usually lasts all night and well into the early morning. The gamelan is the director musician and storyteller all in one. The most famous characters in the wajang are the Pendawas and the Korawas, and their endless wars. The Pendawas represent the five senses that must always work together to come up with just and good decisions. They represent calm detachment from the everyday events of life which is the way these myths are interpreted and translated into the actual culture that is in the peoples of Java. The Korawas on the other hand represent passion and indiscretion. They are the representative icons that depict the capacity of religion not only to set the standards of ideal living but also delineate the workings of evil and destruction. Just like the Navajo looks at everything that is good and productive as in the form of a circle and thus evokes the circle in everything they do, so does the Javanese in their quest to detach themselves from the passions of everyday life to transcend into inner serenity and peace. Their world views affect their ethos and in turn dictate how they view their reality and consequently how they react to it. The concept of defamiliarization as defined above is also effectively illustrated in the article by George Orwell, Shooting an Elephant. In this article he tells the readers how he had to kill the elephant not because he had to do it to save the people, or because it is truly a danger, in spite of it having killed a â€Å"coolie†, he says that he killed the animal to save himself from looking like a fool it is expected of him to not be afraid, to be consistent (and thus consistent in his initial impulse to kill the elephant). His nationality and the empire he represents have created such a concept that as a member of the empire he is expected to conform to. Thus his actions no matter how mundane and ordinary they are will not have correspondingly simple interpretations at least as far as the natives are concerned.

romanticism in song lyrics :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a boy lays in a field of grass, near a stream, beneath the sun, he sings to the daisies. He is Mother Nature’s son. There is a childish peacefulness throughout the song. It is spiritual because Mother Nature is the stream and the wind and the field of grass. There is an almost surreal and dreamlike atmosphere and a certain sweetness in tone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The word choice and diction throughout â€Å"Mother Nature’s son† are directly related to the tone of the song. Words such as young, singing, all day long, boy, and son contribute to the youthfulness of the poem. Beside a mountain stream, pretty sound of music, and swaying daisies sing a lazy song are peaceful diction. Poetic devices such as assonance, â€Å"young country†, and alliteration,†sitting singing songs†, are euphonic, offering pleasant soft sounds. Inversion is used for emphasis â€Å"all day long, I’m sitting singing songs for everyone.† Nature is personified as a motherly being and human attributes are given to the daisies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The song presents to the listener a new ear to listen from. This ear is intuitive and can hear the sounds of nature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the song â€Å"Mother Nature’s son†, there is a deep appreciation of the beauties of nature which is a highly stressed Romantic quality. Rationalism and physical materialism are condemned throughout the piece. It is easy to imagine a poor boy who has no cares besides his individual and his connection to nature. He seems so connected that he becomes the son of Mother Nature herself. There is freedom from idealization and rationality as the boy sings along with the sounds of the universe. Emotion is held above reason and the senses over intellect. â€Å"Listen to the pretty sounds of music... beneath the sun.† The boy hears the noises of the earth and feels the warmth of the sun and isn’t concerned with much more than the peace he has found.

The Renaissance

â€Å"The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century' (Renaissance History, 2008). It is a French word for rebirth. It also a revival of the classical art and intellect of Ancient Greece and Rome. The art in the Renaissance time was more life-like and contained perspective. (Interactive Schooling, 2013). It was perceived as a â€Å"rebirth† of ancient traditions, and later on it was a tradition. Some famous artists from the Renaissance were Leonardo Ad Vinci, Tinderbox, Ghetto, Raphael, etc. Now their painting are something really valuable and significant.The printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1439 he changed the lives of people in Europe and, eventually, all over the world. A printing press is a device that uses pressure to transfer an image from some sort of prepared, inked surface to a receiving surface, like paper or cloth. (Weeklies, 2007). It was one of the great inventions of the modern age. D uring the renaissance in geography, astronomy, chemistry, physics, mathematics, manufacturing, and engineering occurred some great advances, science in those times was something that not everybody could know like now. Renaissance science spawned the Scientific Revolution; science and technology began a cycle of mutual advancement†. (Winnie Whish, 2008). Some important Renaissance technologies were; mining and metallurgy, blast furnace enabled iron to be produced in significant quantities, finery forge enabled pig iron into bar iron, slitting mill chained the production of iron rods for nail making, smelt mill increased the output of lead over previous methods.Renaissance artists and architects, produced some of the finest works that we know now. â€Å"The Protestant Reformation during the 16th century in Europe ushered in a new artistic tradition that embraced the Protestant agenda and diverged drastically from the southern European tradition and the humanist art produced dur ing the high Renaissance†. (Art History, 2012) The Renaissance Was the rival of classical learning produced by Charlemagne in the 9th century and later used more in 12th century. Cites started growing, Intellectuals, artist and universities after the 1200. This time was called the Renaissance, which was in Italy and later spread through Europe. New and Old text consisting of vernacular writers was used in the renaissance using the printing press. The use of Humanism using scholasticism. Humanism was a new way of thinking and seeing the world.It was called the earliest expression of the Renaissance, and was apart of the movement and cause. The people who practiced this were called Humanist. They challenged ideas of the Scholasticism, which is the daring the efforts to synthesize reason and faith. Students in the new universities, which revolutionized in the renaissance, practiced Scholasticism. Education and the spread of knowledge and specialization was the basis of the Renaissance and brought new things to Italy.Humanist also Halloween the chur ch allowing new mindsets, which underpinned the renaissance to develop. New a wanting for discovering text developed new printing methods, which was one of the main reason there was a renaissance. Classical works in the renaissance manly came for Europe and Christian and Muslim states. Secular readers read old test and classical writing and new libraries emerged. The printing advancement by Johann Gutenberg allowed for more copies of the text to be available.He incorporated movable pieces of type consisting of individual letters, new ink suitable for printing on paper, and a mechanical device that pressed inked type onto sheets of paper called the printing press. Both of these things spread ideas and created or were created by different ways of thinking of the world. The spread of art and knowledge later spread to Europe during the hundred years, which was the conflict of power between French monarchy and his vassals. The Renaissance By huddled By Sierra Peel 5th period The Renaissance From the fall of the Holy Roman Empire to there was a dark age in Europe where all technology and thinking stopped. Europe was a battleground for feudal lords and their knights trying to control the surrounding territories. The dark ages started to end when Pope Urban the 2nd called for the crusades of the holy lands and the city of Jerusalem. The renaissance began in Italy, and spreading to the rest of Europe by the 16th century, its influence was felt in literature, philosophy, art, music, politics, science, and religion.The renaissance was a time of the great scientist and artist Leonardo ad Vinci. The word renaissance translates from French to English into â€Å"rebirth†, that is Just what Europe did at this time they went from being ignorant and dimwitted to inventing some of the world's greatest inventions. Examples of these great inventions were the Ornerier flying machine, the armored car, the giant crossbow and the 8 barreled machine gun and these were Just from Leona rdo ad Vinci, unfortunately these were Just prototypes and were never mass produced.The renaissance began in Italy, and spreading to the rest of Europe by the 16th century, its influence was felt in literature, philosophy, art, music, politics, science, and elision. The renaissance was a time of the great scientist and artist Leonardo ad Vinci. Personally I think the greatest feat of this time was the printing press created my Johannes Gutenberg. Before the invention of the printing press to make a book it required having to hand write the words for hours.When this was going on reading was more for the higher class but with the printing press books could be mass produced and this caused that more people learned to read and knowledge spread like wild fire, it also spread Christianity because now there would be more copies of The Holy Bible. The Renaissance marks the period of European history at the close of the middle ages and the rise of the Modern world. It was a time where art wa s flourishing.It seemed like everyone was an artist and architecture, Fillips Brucellosis was foremost in studying the remains of ancient classical buildings, and with rediscovered knowledge from the 1st-century writer Vitreous and the flourishing discipline of mathematics, formulated the Renaissance style which emulated and improved on classical forms. Brutishness's major feat of engineering was the building of the dome of Florence Cathedral. [52] The first building to monastery this is claimed to be the church of SST. Andrew built by Alberta in Mantra.The outstanding architectural work of the High Renaissance was the rebuilding of SST. Pewter's Basilica, combining the skills of Aberrant, Michelangelo, Raphael, Seasonal and Modern. The new ideals of humanism, although more secular in some aspects, developed against a Christian backdrop, especially in the Northern Renaissance. Much, if not most, of the new art was commissioned by or in education to the Church. However, the Renaissan ce had a profound effect on contemporary theology, particularly in the way people perceived the relationship teen man and God.Many of the period's foremost theologians were followers of the humanist method, including Erasmus, Swing, Thomas More, Martin Luther, and John Calvin. The 15th century, the Renaissance spread with great speed from its birthplace in Florence, first to the rest of Italy, and soon to the rest of Europe. The invention of the printing press by German printer Johannes Gutenberg allowed the rapid transmission of these new ideas. As it spread, its ideas diversified and changed, being adapted to local culture. In the 20th century, scholars began to break the Renaissance into regional and national movements.

London Jets

Questions for the London Jets Case Download the file LondonJets. xls, available on the course website. I. Perform RFM Analysis: (recency, frequency, monetary (total sales) analysis) as indicated on page 3 of the case; steps for RFM are given on page 8 of the case (I have provided one approach on page 3 of this document). Use pivot table with Frequency and Monetary value for rows and Recency for column. Data field should be Count of CustID. Important Note — The format for this table is shown on the next page; use this format for your RFM table. Please provide a brief interpretation for the RFM analysis – assume you are the consultant to London Jets; how would you explain what the numbers in the pivot table mean (keep the discussion brief; each and every entry need not be explained). II. Additional Analysis: Do two additional sets of analysis beyond RFM. As an example, you may want to analyze attendance patterns for Fan Club Members versus non-members to see if there is any merit in increasing the size of this club (this would count as one analysis). There are several different variables in the database, and as such there are lots of ways in which the data can be analyzed. Think about the issue London Jets is facing – how to increase attendance – and let this objective drive your analysis. For each additional analysis undertaken by your team, provide a rationale as to why should London Jets consider the customer segment you are analyzing. Please also be sure to briefly explain the outcome of your analysis (what did you learn for your analysis, and how London Jets can benefit from this analysis). What to submit? Please submit one hard copy of the report per team. List the last names of team members on the cover page in alphabetical order. Prepare your report in power point such that it could be presented to London Jets’ management (although your team will not be asked to present the report). Your report should end with a Conclusions page where you draw conclusions from all the analyses you have done, and recommended actions London Jets can take to increase attendance to its games based on your work. Please make sure that the report is contained within a maximum of 12 pages (slides) including the title and conclusions pages. Team work models I have seen two models of team work. The first and more commonly used model is where the team divides the workload and each member is responsible for completing their share of work. These disparate pieces are put together as a report. The obvious advantage of this approach is that the work is divided evenly among members. The drawback of this approach is that sloppy work by one or more team members adversely impacts the score of those who put in good work. Additionally, if someone in the team does not take the trouble to integrate the disparate pieces, the end result can be a report that appears disjoint (i. . made up of pieces that do not flow well together). The second, less common approach is where each member provides input on every aspect (question) of the case. Compared to the approach described above, the second approach certainly requires more time from each member. The advantage however is that often the best ideas (i. e. responses to case questions) make it into the report, resulting in a higher quality of sub mitted work. Important Note — This note applies for all cases done in this class. I cannot entertain questions such as â€Å"Professor, please take a look at what we have so far and let us know if we are on the right track†. Teams are expected to work on each case independently. Taking necessary decisions in situations where there is no clear consensus is a part of team learning process. [pic] Learn more about RFM here: http://searchcrm. techtarget. com/sDefinition/0,,sid11_gci751219,00. html Steps for creating RFM table for London Jets Step 0 — Start by creating a column with 3000 entries such that the first 600 entries are 5s, followed by 600 4s, 600 3s, 600 2s and 600 1s. With copy and paste, this takes  less than  2 minutes and I can gladly show you how. Here are the remaining steps for assigning RFM codes to the London Jets. Step 1 — Sort the entire data on recency of attendance so that customers that attended the games most recently will be on the top of the list. Add a new column to the data labeled R, where you copy and paste the column created in step 0. Step 2 — Sort the entire data, including recency codes assigned in step 1, on the basis of frequency of attendance such that customers with the highest frequency of attendance are at the top of the list. Add a new column to the data labeled F, where you copy and paste the column created in step 0. Step 3 — Sort the entire data, including recency codes assigned in step 1 and frequency codes assigned in step 2, on the basis of  monetary spending such that customers spending the most are at the top of the list. Add a new column to the data labeled M, where you assign first 1000 hundred customers a  M code of 5, the next 1000 a code of 4, and the last 1000 a code of 3. You are done assigning codes at the end of step 3, and are ready to create the RFM table.

The Colossal Heads of the Olmec

The Colossal Heads of the Olmec The Olmec civilization, which thrived along Mexicos Gulf Coast from about 1200 to 400 B.C., was the first major Mesoamerican culture. The Olmec were extremely talented artists, and their most lasting artistic contribution is without a doubt the enormous sculpted heads they created. These sculptures have been found at a handful of archaeological sites, including La Venta and San Lorenzo. Originally thought to depict gods or ballplayers, most archaeologists now say they believe they are likenesses of long-dead Olmec rulers. The Olmec Civilization The Olmec culture developed cities defined as population centers with political and cultural significance and influence as early as 1200 B.C. They were talented traders and artists, and their influence is quite clearly seen in later cultures like the Aztec and the Maya. Their sphere of influence was along Mexicos Gulf Coast particularly in the present-day states of Veracruz and Tabasco and major Olmec cities included San Lorenzo, La Venta, and Tres Zapotes. By 400 B.C. or so their civilization had gone into steep decline and had all but disappeared. The Olmec Colossal Heads The Olmecs colossal sculpted heads show the head and face of a helmeted man with distinctly indigenous features. Several of the heads are taller than an average adult human male. The largest colossal head was discovered at La Cobata. It stands about 10 feet tall and weighs an estimated 40 tons. The heads are generally flattened at the back and not carved all the way around they are meant to be viewed from the front and sides. Some traces of plaster and pigments on one of the San Lorenzo heads indicate that they may have once been painted. Seventeen Olmec colossal heads have been found: 10 at San Lorenzo, four at La Venta, two at Tres Zapotes and one at La Cobata. Creating the Colossal Heads The creation of these heads was a significant undertaking. The basalt boulders and blocks used to carve the heads were located as much as 50 miles away. Archaeologists suggest a laborious process of slowly moving the stones, using a   combination of raw manpower, sledges and, when possible, rafts on rivers. This process was so difficult that there are several examples of pieces being carved from earlier works; two of the San Lorenzo heads were carved out of an earlier throne. Once the stones reached a workshop, they were carved using only crude tools such as stone hammers. The Olmec did not have metal tools, which makes the sculptures all the more remarkable. Once the heads were ready, they were moved into position, although it is possible that they were occasionally moved around to create scenes along with other Olmec sculptures. Meaning The exact meaning of the colossal heads has been lost to time, but over the years there have been several theories. Their sheer size and majesty immediately suggest that they represent gods, but this theory has been discounted because in general, Mesoamerican gods are depicted as more gruesome than humans, and the faces are obviously human. The helmet/headdress worn by each of the heads suggests ballplayers, but most archaeologists today say they think they represented rulers. Part of the evidence for this is the fact that each of the faces has a distinct look and personality, suggesting individuals of great power and importance. If the heads had any religious significance to the Olmec, it has been lost to time, although many modern researchers say they think that the ruling class might have claimed a link to their gods. Dating It is almost impossible to pinpoint the exact dates when the colossal heads were made. The San Lorenzo heads were almost certainly all completed before 900 B.C. because the city went into steep decline at that time. Others are even more difficult to date; the one at La Cobata might be unfinished, and the ones at Tres Zapotes were removed from their original locations before their historical context could be documented. Importance The Olmec left behind many stone carvings that include reliefs, thrones, and statues. There is also a handful of surviving wooden busts and some cave paintings in nearby mountains. Nevertheless, the most striking examples of Olmec art are the colossal heads. The Olmec colossal heads are important historically and culturally to modern Mexicans. The heads have taught researchers much about the culture of the ancient Olmec. Their greatest value today, however, is probably artistic. The sculptures are truly amazing and inspirational and a popular attraction at the museums where they are housed. Most of them are in regional museums close to where they were found, while two are in Mexico City. Their beauty is such that several replicas have been made and can be seen around the world.

Biography of Angela Davis, Political Activist, Academic

Biography of Angela Davis, Political Activist, Academic Angela Davis (born January 26, 1944) is a radical activist, philosopher, writer, speaker, and educator. In the 1960s and 1970s, she was well known for her association with the Black Panthers. She was fired from one teaching job for being a communist, and for a time she even appeared on the Federal Bureau of Investigations Ten Most Wanted list. Fast Facts: Angela Davis Known For: Davis is an academic and activist known for her association with the Black Panthers.Also Known As: Angela Yvonne DavisBorn: January 26, 1944 in Birmingham, AlabamaParents: B. Frank Davis and Sallye Bell DavisEducation: Brandeis University (B.A.), University of California, San Diego (M.A.), Humboldt University (Ph.D.)Published Works: Women, Race, Class, Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday, Are Prisons Obsolete?Spouse: Hilton Braithwaite (m. 1980–1983)Notable Quote: Revolution is a serious thing, the most serious thing about a revolutionarys life. When one commits oneself to the struggle, it must be for a lifetime. Early Life Angela Yvonne Davis was  born on January 26, 1944, in Birmingham, Alabama.  Her father B. Frank Davis was a teacher who later opened a gas station, and her mother Sallye Bell Davis was a teacher.  Davis lived in a segregated neighborhood and went to segregated schools through high school.  She later became involved with her family in civil rights demonstrations.  She spent some time in New York City, where her mother was earning a masters degree during summer breaks from teaching. Davis excelled as a student, graduating  magna cum laude  from Brandeis University in 1965, with two years of study at the Sorbonne, University of Paris. She studied philosophy in Germany at the University of Frankfurt for two years, then received an M.A. from the University of California at San Diego in 1968. Her doctoral study took place from 1968 to 1969. During her undergraduate years at Brandeis, she was shocked to hear of the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, which killed four girls she had known. This Ku Klux Klan-perpetrated violence marked a major turning point in the civil rights movement, bringing worldwide attention to the plight of African-Americans in the United States. Politics and Philosophy A member of the Communist Party USA, Davis became involved in radical black politics and in several organizations for black women, including Sisters Inside and Critical Resistance, which she helped found. Davis also joined the Black Panthers and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). She was part of an all-black communist group called the Che-Lumumba Club, and through that group she began to organize public protests. In 1969, Davis was hired as an assistant professor at the University of California at Los Angeles. She used her post to teach Kant, Marxism, and philosophy in black literature. Davis  was popular as a teacher, but a leak identifying her as a member of the Communist Party led to the UCLA regent- headed then by Ronald Reagan- to dismiss her.  A court ordered her reinstatement, but she was fired again the next year. Activism After her dismissal from UCLA, Davis became involved in the case of the Soledad Brothers, a group of  prisoners at Soledad Prison. Anonymous threats led her to purchase weapons for self-defense. Davis was arrested as a suspected conspirator in the abortive attempt to free George Jackson, one of the Soledad Brothers, from a courtroom in Marin County, California, on August 7, 1970. A county judge was killed in the failed attempt to take hostages and rescue Jackson, and the guns used were registered in her name. Davis was eventually acquitted of all charges, but for a time she was on the FBIs most wanted list after she fled and went into hiding to avoid arrest. Davis is often associated with the Black Panthers and with the black power politics of the late 1960s and early 1970s. She joined the Communist Party when Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in 1968. Davis ran for vice president on the Communist Party ticket in 1980. Davis left the Communist Party in 1991, though she continues to be involved in some of its activities. As a self-described prison abolitionist, she has played a major role in the push for criminal justice reforms and other resistance to what she calls the prison-industrial complex. In her essay Public Imprisonment and Private Violence, Davis calls the sexual abuse of women in prison one of the most heinous state-sanctioned human rights violations within the United States today. Academia Davis taught in the Ethnic Studies department at San Francisco State University from 1980 to 1984. Although former Gov. Ronald Reagan swore she would never teach again in the University of California system, Davis began teaching at the University of California at Santa Cruz in 1991. During her tenure there, she continued to work as an activist and promote womens rights and racial justice. She has published books on race, class, and gender, including such popular titles as Angela Davis: An Autobiography, Are Prisons Obsolete?, The Meaning of Freedom, and Women, Culture Politics. When Davis retired from UCSC in 2008, she was named Professor Emerita. In the years since, she has continued her work for prison abolition, womens rights, and racial justice. Davis has taught at UCLA and elsewhere as a visiting professor, committed to the importance of liberating minds as well as liberating society. Personal Life Davis was married to photographer Hilton Braithwaite from 1980 to 1983. In 1997, she told Out magazine that she was a lesbian. Sources Aptheker, Bettina.  The Morning Breaks: The Trial of Angela Davis. Cornell University Press, 1999.Davis, Angela Y.  Angela Davis: an Autobiography. International Publishers, 2008.Davis, Angela Y.  Are Prisons Obsolete?  Seven Stories Press, 2003.Davis, Angela Y.  Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday. Vintage Books, 1999.Davis, Angela. â€Å"Public Imprisonment and Private Violence.† Frontline Feminisms: Women, War, and Resistance, by Marguerite R. Waller and Jennifer Rycenga, Routledge, 2012.Davis, Angela Y., and Joy James.  The Angela Y. Davis Reader. Blackwell, 1998.Timothy, Mary.  Jury Woman: the Story of the Trial of Angela Y. Davis. Glide Publications, 1975.

The Ethical Implications from Marketing Cigarettes to Young People in Essay

The Ethical Implications from Marketing Cigarettes to Young People in African Countries - Essay Example The paper tells that marketers have often been critiqued for using selective marketing strategies aimed at targeting a vulnerable group. The criticism is even worse when the product being sold is harmful to the society. Other than the inordinate criticism, little has been done to deter such practices. Cigarette related harms have raised global concerns over the recent past. Although cigarette smoking and addiction have reduced in some parts of the word, the problem remains rampant in developing world such as in Africa. Majority of people in developed countries are informed on the negative health effects of addictive smoking cigarettes. Additionally, governments in most developed countries have enacted laws to prohibit marketing strategies that may result in sale of cigarettes to young people particularly children. However, most third world countries such as in Africa have no laws to prevent sale of cigarettes to young people. Cigarettes products generate a lot of revenue and third wo rld countries often allow reckless importation and marketing of cigarettes. In most third world countries, the importation as well as market of cigarettes is legal and there are no laws prohibiting sale of cigarettes to young people. This raises the ethical question regarding sale of products such as cigarettes, which cause health problems, addiction, and death. In recent years there have been considerable concerns concerning marketing of products considered harmful to humans. Following reduction of consumption of tobacco products such as cigarettes in developed world, tobacco firms are now targeting the young people in Africa. In the attempt to attract these young people, the companies have been adjusting their marketing strategies to ensure that they entice young people to use tobacco products. One strategy that the companies use includes selling of cigarettes as single stakes. This is attractive to the young people from the poor African countries who cannot afford to buy the prod uct in packets. It is appropriate to use attractive strategies in marketing to attract customers. However, this should not be the case if the marketer is aware of negative implications associated with use of a product. Moreover, targeting a vulnerable group is even more unethical. In case of British American Tobacco, there has been cases where children as young as 11 years have been involved in both smoking and selling of cigarettes, Free Markets and Marketing Marketing is an essential component for the success of any business. Companies have marketing strategies that go beyond advertisements. The marketing policies entail identifying the target market for a given product and applying market strategies likely to entice the particular market. Therefore, marketing strategies are designed to ensure that the advertisement is received and understood by the target market. However, companies are required to be responsible in the way they convey their message. This should be through use of marketing policies that are truthful and reflect ethical standards. Although the main aim of most companies is to maximize on profits, the public is increasingly demanding that companies act responsibly and ethically in their activities. In marketing, ethical issues take different forms. They include the advertisement or promotion methods used in marketing a product.

Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 6

Human resource management - Essay Example Management theories appeared around 1920. With the development of technology and various social developments, the management is subdivided into many categories that involve a particular process. In today’s world, with many things changing around us, every process has its own management methods and personnel for managing that process. Although the basic principle remains the same; planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling to achieve the goal by using the human, financial and material resources. Ultimately the goal of any organization remains the same, that the Human Resource Management department should recruit the most suitable people in the best of their ability to meet the organization’s goal aligned with the vision, mission and goal of the organization. Careful attention to HRM issues is crucial in achieving positive outcomes from their employees, as well as keeping fair and balanced treatment for the employees which could be affected by management decisions. Firstly the organization should start with a "Situation Analysis" of the existing systems and procedures in the organization like; what are the current recruitment structures in operation. Who is the selection authority; what are the existing norms of the target organization. Does the decision lie with the HRM personnel or the organizational managers or would they like to formulate a committee who would tackle with the final decision legalities. The next step would be to identify the gaps in the current framework of the HR. A "Gap Analysis" would help, like; what are the constraints, implications occurred due to these existing systems, what are the merits/ demerits? how these affect the organizational culture. Then in the light of the identified gaps/ constraints, the recruitment and induction strategies should be formulated to address the problems. This would further help in defining the steps in

Did social media have a big impact in the Bahraini uprising during the Essay - 1

Did social media have a big impact in the Bahraini uprising during the Arab spring - Essay Example The Arab Spring was a term coined for the wave of revolutionary uprisings experienced in the Arab World from late December 2010. The wave of revolution took the form of protests and demonstrations that were either violent or non-violent in nature, coupled with civil wars and continuous riots. The wave of revolutions targeted the removal of leaders from power for different reasons that included oppression, nepotism, and system failures. The protests were witnessed in Egypt, Libya, Yemen, and Tunisia with major cases of civil uprising being witnessed in Syria and Bahrain (Behr & Aaltola, 2011). The protests experienced in the Arab countries had some shared elements that led to sustenance of civil resistance including demonstrations, use of social media, strikes, rallies and increased marches. The use of social media stood out as the major form of communication and creation of awareness in facing state control in the form of internet censorship (Safranek, 2012). The uprising witnessed in Bahrain commenced on February 14, 2011 with varied demands. The uprising has been ongoing with several concessions being achieved that include the release of political captives, removal of the head of security from office, increased negotiations with rebel movements including Shia representatives, GCC intervention following a request by the country’s government, implementation of BICI recommendations, and several economic gains under the watch of King Hamad. The uprising led to many deaths at the early stages with the incarceration of thousands of people by the close of April 2012. The choice of this article is informed by its in-depth analysis of the Bahraini uprising regarding the contribution of the social media in promoting the uprising amidst strong government interference and intervention. Cottle (2011) addresses the role played by communication networks and media systems in the facilitation of what are

Elie Saab Marketing Analysis

Elie Saab Marketing Analysis Expanding a luxury brand without diluting its luxury status has become a challenge to many luxury brands. Premium luxury brands therefore need to plan their expansion strategy carefully. This report will focus on how the Elie Saab brand may develop by offering the brand extension of lingerie to be sold alongside its ready-to-wear collection. The price range of lingerie is normally lower compared to other ready-to-wear products, therefore this product extension has the potential to enlarge the accessibility of the ES brand and grow the current consumer segmentation. The new product line should inherit the brands essence. The launching and promoting of the new line will be an appropriate way for the brand to get more exposure and will reinforce its brand identity. The report will cover the product extension and communication issue respectively, while critically evaluate the plan as a whole. Started as a couture house in Beirut, ELIE SAAB (ES) has an ambition of turning into a global luxury brand. ES exclusively target on the worldwide super-wealthy class, while successfully maintains a loyal customer base from the Middle East. In addition, the brand is favoured by royalty, for its luxurious, feminine but slightly conservative style. ES dresses are widely present in different prestigious events, worn by celebrities from different regions. The product lines of ES currently include Haute Couture, Ready-to-Wear (RTW), Wedding Dresses, and Accessories. The expanding of the brand, however, continued through many forms including luxury hotel and super yachts (SHUAYTO, 2012). Nevertheless, there are still many problems exist, and if not handled carefully, they may remit the pace of ESs growth. it was pointed out that Elie Saab, owner of ELIE SAAB, wanted to be involved in not only every aspects of his Haute Couture line, but also all the branding decision making process. (SHUAY TO, 2012) Saabs tight control of the brand may consume most of his energy, which makes the brand expansion on product line rather difficult. Besides, with only 150 employees, (SHUAYTO, 2012) the ES Group is relatively small compared to other luxury brands from large luxury groups such as LVMH (100,00employees) (ARNAULT, N/D). Thus the amount of support ES could receive for expansion is very limited. Furthermore, recognition is a key element in conspicuous consumption, for it endows the owner of luxury product with admiration. (KAPFERER, 2012)ES have covered several communication channels in brand image building, but the exposure is still not enough. ELIE SAABs facebook page has received 800,987 likes (Facebook, 2013b), while Dior has 11,480,356 likes (Facebook, 2013a). It is the same on the ELIE SAAB YouTube channel (2013a), which only have 4,580 subscribers (Dior: 47,871) (YouTube LLC, 2013c), and on its twitter page (2013b) with 128,682 followers (Dior: 1,794,503) (Twitter,Inc., 2 013a). It would seem that ES havent caught much attention of the public. For such a vibrant premium brand, expending without diluting its luxury status requires a very well planed strategy. Regarding the situation mentioned above, the report will illustrate how ELIE SAAB could develop by introducing the brand extension of lingerie to be sold alongside its Ready-to-Wear line. The lingerie sector has enjoyed a continuous growth of 16.1% in the UK market during the previous five years. It was considered to be a treat for a woman in an affordable price during the recession. (Hucker, 2013) It is reported that in Western Europe and the US, the average number of lingerie purchased by a woman annually is two bras and around five briefs. As a function-oriented product, Lingerie is considered to be a necessity, and the need always exists. Nevertheless, despite the booming UK lingerie market, the global lingerie market suffered from the recession. Moreover, the market is overcrowded with many discount retailers sourcing from Asian countries, which is pulling down the pricing point. (Hughes, 2011) The price of bras range from under six pounds to over 250 pounds, but only a few brands produce premium lingerie (Independent Print Ltd., 2012). In the niche market of premium lingerie (NI Syndication Limited., 2007), the reputation of ES could be an advantage, let along i ts loyal high-end client base. Meanwhile, as the price range of lingerie is lower compared to High-end RTW (SHUAYTO, 2012), the new line would potentially enlarge the accessibility of the ES brand. Overall, entering the lingerie market could be a challenging opportunity for ELIE SAAB. The essential goal of this plan is to expand product range, increase brand exposure, and assist ELIE SAABs transformation into a global premium brand. Product extension Lingerie design, especially brassiere design, requires very specific skills and knowledge. The time required in the designing process is also particularly long. As lingerie is of great importance in shaping a perfect body, customers require optimum fit, high function, as well as attractiveness. From cups to shoulder strap, all of them are important in providing a centralized and firm appearance, while designing them equally costs great energy. (Liao Lee, 2010) Since ELIE SAAB is still a growing company with not much employees, and is a brand highly dependent on Elie Saab, the suggestion would be to achieve the expansion through licensing. But it should be handled very carefully, for licensing could possibility dilute the brand. (Hoffmann Stankeviciute, 2012) Some even argue that the key of maintaining the luxe of a brand is never get involved in licensing. (KAPFERER, 2012) While other suggest that though risking dilution, licensing still proves to be a fair choice for brands to acc ess expertise in the area where their knowledge and power is limited. (Colucci, et al., 2008) First and foremost, the lingerie line must inherit the sprite of ELIE SAAB. It should be designed and inspired base on the ES haute couture collection or RTW collection, and be cohesive with the collections of the core brand in style and aesthetics in that season. Consumers expect the luxury brand to offer them a product that possess the quality, design and value that the parent brand represents. (Hoffmann Stankeviciute, 2012) Especially for a brand like ELIE SAAB, which highly relies on loyal customers, (SHUAYTO, 2012) fulfilling the consumers expectation and keeping the brand image clear is exceptionally important. ELIE SAAB is known for its luxurious, dreamy, and feminine style.(Fig 1) Lace, chiffon, silk, crystal, hand-made beading and embroidery (NI Syndication Limited., 2007), those materials used in ES haute couture collections can also be seen in lingerie design, which could be counted as an advantage in reaching the coherence of core brand and lingerie line. The service provided for the lingerie line is equally important, for providing ultimate customer experience is another promise of the ES brand. To minimize the dilution of core brand, the ES lingerie line should be positioned as premium lingerie (Hoffmann Stankeviciute, 2012). The most important part of buying lingerie is fit (Law, et al., 2012). It is important for the consumers to feel comfortable in their lingerie (Liao Lee, 2010). However, most women do not know how to find a right size, and the sizes that many retailers provide are not accurate. Fitting has become a major problem for the lingerie industry (Hucker, 2013). Thus in every ES lingerie stores, there need to be at least one professional fitter to help, and provide the customers a one-to-one fitting service. Also, in the lingerie sector on the ES official website, a specific multi-media lingerie fitting guidance, using the form of video, picture and word description (Fig 2), should be provided. The cost of producing a fitting video and putting the information on the ES website could be quite low, but this effort may affect customers confidence of purchasing ES lingerie positively. bra fitting.jpg To improve customer experience, ES may consider providing customized lingerie. Co-design, which involves customers in the designing process of their own order, may be welcomed by those who eager for a differentiated, unique product. In the co-design process, customers are provided several pre designed options of each part of the product, and they can create a unique product by combining their choices. Burberry has put a co-design section on their website, where customers can design their own trench coat, and then order creation. (Fig 3) The co-designed trench coat will be produced separately. (Burberry Group Plc, N/D) Co-design offers a memorable experience to customers, which may interest the loyal customers, and possibly attract new customers. (Liao Lee, 2010) Nevertheless, the cost of producing co-design lingerie may be quite high. The Burberry co-design products are priced about one to two hundred pounds higher than their similar RTW products in the same length and material. The ratio of mark up is merely 0.18% approximately, due to the high price of the RTW product range. If ES decide to adopt co-design in the lingerie line, the ratio of mark up needs to be carefully calculated, in order to make enough profit, but still remain acceptable for the customers. Marketing communication The lunching of a new product line will probably draw much attention. Seizing the chance, ELIE SAAB may increase its exposure by doing a series of campaign, aiming at building the image of a global premium brand. Without enough brand awareness, it is very hard for luxury brands to create desire and attraction (KAPFERER, 2012). Hence, most luxury brands tend to build a whole brand image, rather than the image of a single product category. In addition, by showing the image of their target consumers lifestyle, brands could form an image of a brand users in the consumers mind. Potential customers may be attracted by the perception of a brands personality, moreover, may produce a stronger purchasing intention when they find similarities between their self-image and the image of a typical brand user (Fang, et al., 2012). Marketing the ES lingerie line by promoting the whole brand, emphasising the luxe of the core brand, may also protect the brand from dilution. Communicating the heritage inspiration and cultural reference may help a relatively new brand elevating its position in consumers mind. As a hedonic product, luxury products need to not only have a physical function, but also embraces a spiritual function. They should help consumers fulfilling their highest need, which is self-realization (KAPFERER, 2012). To create a scarcity effect, making the brand more desirable, ELIE SAAB may develop a marketing strategy based on culture and art. Producing a short film featuring the inspiration of the unique ELIE SAAB style may help consumers generating a better understanding of the brands cultural background, deepening the meaning behind each ELIE SAAB product. The film should also include the craftsmanship of ES haute couture collection. By showing the intriguing details of haute couture, from the inspiration, drafting to the hand-making process, the film need to plant the concept of haute couture being an art into the viewers mind. Consequent ly, as the brand producing art, ELIE SAAB will be viewed differently. Linked to art, ES products would be seen as artistic creations, rather than commercial goods (KAPFERER, 2012). It embodies the extraordinary taste of its customers, while remains to be a desirous dream of the non-owners. Another way of marketing ELIE SAAB as an artistic brand is to hold and exhibition showing the history and creations of the brand. The company could partner with an art museum, and show their archived pieces from previous fashion shows. Also, the creating process may be an interesting to show on the exhibition. It would be better if the showroom could be designed as a vision of the earliest inspiration of Elie Saab, telling his story of creating art, rather than a copy of an ES flagship store. This is to avoid being viewed as a commercial activity. However, the cost of holding an exhibition might be quite high, and the influence of an exhibition is geographically limited. With the booming of social media, today, marketing is more about communicating and interacting with consumers. Adopting the trend, brands start to pay more attention on digital channels (KAPFERER, 2012). ELIE SAAB is not an exception. The brand has adopted many digital communication platforms including facebook, twitter, YouTube, even weibo.com. Nevertheless, it is noticed that the communication result ES achieved in those platforms is not very impressive. Comparing to its competitors, the number of people getting involved in ESs digital communication channels is quite small. Besides, they do not seem to be very impressed by the information they have received from the ES channels. ELIE SAAB Le Parfum Ad Campaign video has only received 73 likes. (YouTube LLC, 2011) In contrast, the Miss Dior advert, La vie en rose, received 991 likes. (YouTube LLC, 2013b) As for the short films featuring brand identity, the ES Balade a Paris film has received 209 likes, (YouTube LLC, 2012a) while the Dior Secret Garden-Versailles film has received 6,029 likes (YouTube LLC, 2012b). All the films mentioned above are beautifully made and clearly reveal their brand image. Yet the Miss Dior film appeared eight times on the Dior facebook page (Facebook, 2013a), while the ES Balad a Paris film only appeared in four posts on the ES facebook page (Facebook, 2013b). It can therefore be then presumed that the link between different digital platforms the brand use has some influence on the communication result the brand may receive. ELIE SAAB may want to strengthen the connection between its different communication channels, in order to increase communication efficiency. Critical evalution For a premium brand, expanding through licensing is a huge risk. Being one of the two largest apparel categories of Calvin Klein (Schimroszik, 2012), underwear, which was licensed to the Warnaco group, was a huge success in the 1980s (Robertson, 2012). By 1999, licensing contributed 90% of Calvin Kleins revenue. Yet soon enough, the Calvin Klein brand found that it had little control of its licensees, under an incredible long contract. The luxury status of Calvin Klein was almost destroyed. It took Calvin Klein eight years to get back into business, and slowly started repairing the damage brought by licensing (Hoffmann Stankeviciute, 2012). Notwithstanding the risk, licensing still is a popular expanding method among luxury brands (Colucci, et al., 2008). In fact, if handled carefully, the damage can be minimized (Hoffmann Stankeviciute, 2012). As ELIE SAAB does not have the expertise in lingerie production, licensing is a reasonable choice. But the brand should have tight control over the licensee. The major problem of licensing is the licensees tend to pursuit the fastest success and biggest profit, regardless the impact it may have on the brand. The licenser wants to maintain the consistency of the entire collection, while the licensees may prefer to stick with the most popular designs in the market (Colucci, et al., 2008). And it is the responsibility of the core brand to protect its reputation, including product quality, design aesthetics, customer service, and luxury status. But the licensee might be producing for different brands simultaneously, thus the design of the different products they produce might be similar, or they might borrow the design of ELIE SAAB, and use it in other products that they are producing. Even there is a possibility that the licensee may secretly produces counterfeit version of the ES linge rie using cheaper materials, and sells them in other channels or under other brand names. All of the mentioned problems may result in brand dilution. As a result, ES may need to spend much effort in monitoring the licensee. Despite the drawbacks, with a right partner, ES could achieve the expansion with a relatively low cost. If the plan was executed successfully, the brand could increase brand awareness, and might reinforce the loyalty of its existing customers by impressing them with a new and exciting product line. For some women, lingerie is as important as outer clothing. So the ES customers might be interested in matching the lingerie and the outer wear. Another issue to be concern is the cultural impact of lingerie line. Intimate apparel may have different symbolic meanings in different culture. When marketing globally, it should be noticed that women from different culture may have different need in lingerie. Many ES customers are from the Middle East, where, in the outsiders view, might be quite conservative. On the contrary, it was discovered that sex is quite important for married Muslims. (Asser, 2008). As a result, they may be very interested in lingerie of various bold designs. In the forthcoming years, there is expected to be a recovery of the economy. It could affect the whole luxury market, and could be an opportunity for premium lingerie. Yet the competition among lingerie specialist brands would also be fierce. Many lingerie brands are aiming to the global market, including Victorias Secret, Agent Provocateur, et cetera. With so much choice, consumers might doubt the expertise of the ES lingerie line, because lingerie is generally function-based product. Besides, the link between the lingerie line and the brand emphasising advertise champagne might be weak and confusing. The new lingerie line might be ignored due to this reason. Conclusion and recogminadions Product expansion means a new adventure for a brand. As a young luxury brand that is eager to develop, product expansion will always at some point be adopted. The previous partnership experience of ELIE SAAB indicates that Saab could be not only a brilliant designer, but also a successful businessman. Hence, the risk of expending a new lingerie line through licensing could turn out to be another success of the brand. But ELIE SAAB should choose the partner very carefully. Both the reputation and the producing capability should be taken into consideration. A partner with well established reputation in the industry is the reassurance of quality for the customers (Hoffmann Stankeviciute, 2012). Moreover, ELIE SAAB should have strict control over the licensing project, making sure the products and service remains in the same level as the core ES products. The places where the lingerie line products are sold should also be chosen using ES criterions. The price-point of the lingerie line should remain high, in order to match the premium status of the ES brand. The marketing of the lingerie line is suggested to be focused on building the whole brand image, rather than the single lingerie line. Nevertheless, advertisements featuring the lingerie line product are also needed. ELIE SAAB may consider spending most of its budget on overall brand image campaigns, and only using a small part of the budget to do the lingerie line advert. Overall, the whole plan is designed to assist the developing of the ELIE SAAB brand as a whole, and the main focus should be always on its core products. Otherwise, without the success of the core brand, the lingerie line will soon be forgotten as well.

A Comparison of the Monsters of Frankenstein, Bladerunner, and Star Tre

In the long history of the existence of fantasy literature, writers represent monsters as something opposite to the human being. The prior conflict of this genre is usually "man Vs monster." Several examples of science fiction seemingly portray antagonistic creatures yet they are depicted as being similar to humanity: the replicants in the film Bladerunner; the monster in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein; and the Borg in Star Trek. In each of these examples, the aforementioned "monster(s)" posses human-like characteristics (some, like the replicants in Bladerunner appear almost exactly human) yet are still "monsters," they are not quite human. Thus each of the human societies shuns and despises these creatures for what they are. The significance of the alignment of the monsters with ourselves is how the monsters are the personification of our ontology. The unconscious human mind is the content of what these works attempt to personify in the monster. As Donna Haraway said in he r "Cyborg Manifesto," "we are all chimeras." The curious thing is that the protagonists in some of the works actually portray monster-like characteristics--a role reversal between the monster and the hero of the work: "We have found the enemy and he is us." The analogy of the monsters is actually depicted in each of the work's respective humans' thoughts and deeds. This also shows the authors' portrayal of the monster-like and thus human-like characteristics of the human unconscious and the conscious mind. The role-reversal of an antagonistic monster and the human hero is never more blatant than in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. In modern pop culture, the name of Frankenstein is often associated with the monster of the novel. Unkn... ...w much do our genes control how we will live our lives? Our dependence on machines is one popular theme in science fiction including Star Trek. The Borg are cyborgs--completely dependent on their mechanical components to survive. In modern society, how much do we depend on machines to survive? The Borg reflects several aspects of our own human society and human self. Donna Haraway says, "The cyborg is our ontology...The machine is us." Frankenstein's monster, the replicants, and Star Trek's Borg each is analogous to the monster within a subconscious or unrealized level within modern reality. The unconscious needs of modern technology, the uncertain amount of genetic programming within us, and the unknown about the human's unconscious mind are all objectives explored in the allegorical genre of science fiction as we explore the monster within.

Prejudice in Mr. Sumarsono Written by Roxana Robinson Essay

Stereotype is a largely false belief, or set of belief, concerning the characteristics of the members of a racial or ethnic group (McLemore, 1983). Stereotype may be positive or negative in mind which is based on limited and minimal knowledge about a group of people. Incomplete information, mistaken perceptions, isolation and segregation have resulted many stereotypes. Viewing of a person with oddity based on the stereotype will limit what we expected and how we respond to them. Prejudice is an unfavorable attitude towards people because they are members of a particular racial or ethnic group. Discrimination is unfavorable action towards people because they are members of a particular racial or ethnic group. (McLemore, 1983). These both are negative manifestations of integrative power. A prejudiced person may not act on their attitude. Therefore, someone can be prejudice towards a certain group but not discriminate against them. Also, prejudice includes all three components of an attitude (affective, behavioral and affective), whereas discrimination just involves behavior and involves some actions. Prejudice and stereotyping parallels attitudes and opinions or beliefs (Stroebe & Insko, 1989) Prejudice also sustains stereotype, while stereotype is a generalization or interpretation toward a person or group of some physical, behavior, belief or other factors. For a 10-year-old girl, she must have got a first bad impression to a stranger, especially a foreigner. She spontaneously thought that someone newbie in another country is a kind of alien with different skin, face structure or another physical body. In that point, this attitude includes a racial stereotype which provokes a prejudice side. Roxana Robinson is a biographer and scholar of nineteenth and early twentieth century American art. She graduated from Buckingham Friends School, in Lahaska, and from The Shipley School, in Bryn Mawr. She attended Bennington College and studied with Bernard Malamud and Howard Nemerov. She received a B. A. degree in English Literature from the University of Michigan. Roxana Robinson is the author of the four novels Cost, (2008) Sweetwater, (2003) This Is My Daughter, (1998) and Summer Light (1988); the three short story collections A Perfect Stranger, (2005) Asking for Love, (1996) A Glimpse of Scarlet, (1991) and the biography Georgia O’Keeffe: A Life, (1989). Mr. Sumarsono is listed as one of the best American Short Stories at 1994. Statement of Problems: 1. Why do Susan and her sister give bad impression toward Mr. Sumarsono? 2. Why did Mrs. Riordan welcome Mr. Sumarsono warmly? 3. What is the cultural aspect of this short story? What is the connection with it? Discussion Mr. Sumarsono is a worker in UN which involved many Western people in it for a long time. Because of the environment, he tried to adapt the style like an American. According to the story, both daughters of Mrs. Riordan, Susan and Kate, with Mrs. Riordan herself fetched Mr. Sumarsono in a Trenton Station in New Jersey and they saw him for the first time with bad impression and underestimate toward Mr. Sumarsono. However, at that time, he was clothed as an American businessman. â€Å"Mr. Sumarsono was wearing an neat suit and leather shoes, like an American businessman, but he didn’t look like an American. The suit was brown, not gray, and it had a slight sheen. And Mr. Sumarsono was built in a different way from Americans: he was slight and graceful, with narrow shoulders and an absence of strut. † (Page 265 line 1) â€Å"Kate and I stood next to my mother as she waved and smiled. Kate and I did not wave and smile†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Page 265 line 11) In this case, it proved that both sisters didn’t like and give bad thought for Mr. Sumarsono because they didn’t know who actually Mr. Sumarsono was, since Mr. Sumarsono had an Asian figure with pale brown skin. Besides, there were few Indonesian that came to America, or else almost never. Mr. Sumarsono was the only Indonesian who arrived in New Jersey. â€Å"It was 1959, and Mr. Sumarsono was the only Indonesian who got off the train in Trenton, New Jersey. † (Page 264 line 25) Next on, the displeasure of the sisters continued until they were in way home. They were acting like they didn’t need a middle-aged Indonesian in where were they belong to. Moreover, they avoided the lunch time which their mother prepared for them and Mr. Sumarsono. And also, they showed an impolite attitude toward Mr. Sumarsono in the table. â€Å"We were going to watch the mallard nesting, and I hope we didn’t have to include a middle-aged Indonesian in leather shoes†(Page 267 line 1) â€Å"Dev-il,† Kate said, Speaking very loudly and slowly. She pointed at the eggs and then put two forked finger behind her head like horns, Mr. Sumarsono looked at her horns. (Page 269 lines 25) Another evidence occurred at the dinner time when Susan saw her mother wearing a pink dress. She thought her mother’s dress was overlooked just for dinner with a stranger who can not understand their language. â€Å"I was irritated to see that she had put it on as thought she were at a party. This was not a party: she had merely gotten hold of a captive guest, a complete stranger who understood nothing she said. † (Page 270, line 12) Although they kept underestimate him, they were quite surprised that Mr. Sumarsono wasn’t someone like usual Asian guy they were thinking about. He was different in presence. Not only the appearance of him but also his gesture was shown when they were already at home. Somehow, The stop! gesture was making the sisters wondering what makes that Indonesian was different. This gesture is shown by Mr. Sumarsono when he tried to prevent his suitcase as Susan offered to pick up upstairs. â€Å"What struck me was the grace of his gesture. His hand extended easily out cuff and expose a narrow brown wrist, as narrow as my own. When he put his hand up in the Stop! gesture, his hand curved backward from the wrist, and his fingers bent backward from the palm. Instead of the stern and flat-handed Stop! that an American hand would make, this was a polite, subtie, and yielding signal, quite beautiful and infinitely sophisticated, a gesture that suggested a thousand reasons for doing something, a thousand ways to go about it. †(Page 267 line 13) On the other hand, Mrs. Riordan was greeting him cheerfully. She showed an excessive behavior since Mr. Sumarsono decided to spend his weekend in New Jersey. Furthermore, he stayed in Riodan’s as well. Mrs. Riordan tried to catch attention from Mr. Sumarsono. Apart from being dressed in pink, she treated him as best as she can. â€Å"Oh, I’m glad we’re having rice! † she said suddenly, pleased. â€Å"That must make Mr. Sumarsono feel at home. † She looked at me. (Page 273 line 7) She also thought that Mr. Sumarsono was far from his family and being lonely, Mrs. Riordan conclude that he was missing them and she tried to give something that Mr. Sumarsono would feel like he came back to the warm atmosphere when a family was gathered supposed to be. It is shown when Mrs. Riordan asked Mr. Sumarsono to show his wife and children photograph. She saw a strange condition on Mr. Sumarsono with complicated and unfinished look when she asked and he even wanted to take a picture with them. â€Å"The poor man, he must miss his wife and children. Don’t u feel sorry for him, thousands of miles away from his family? Oh, thousands. He’s here for six months, all alone. They told me that at the UN. It’s all very uncertain. He doesn’t know when he gets leaves, how long after that he’ll be here. Think of how his poor wife feels. † (Page 272 line 24) As from the both sisters misjudged all about Mr. Sumarsono and what they have done, they thought that they would feel ashamed, instead of underestimating him. Their prejudice has made them blind to not know who actually Mr. Sumarsono was. Beside it was from their mother, they also felt embarrassed him because they can not be an appropriate hostess to him while Mr. Sumarsono showed his unruffled courtesy. Although Mr. Sumarsono couldn’t speak English well and only responded all Mrs. Riordan and her daughters with simple nodded and smile, at least he knew what attitude he supposed to do when he was visiting people’s house in other country. â€Å"I was embarrassed not only for my mother but also for poor Mr. Sumarsono. Whatever he had expected from a country weekend in America, It could not have been a cramped attic room, two sullen girls, voluble and incomprehensible hostess. I felt we had failed him, we had betrayed his unruffled courtesy, with our bewildering commands, our waving forks, our irresponsible talk about lizard. I wanted to save him. I wanted to liberate poor Mr. Sumarsono from this aerial grid of misunderstandings. † (Page 274 line 24) This story is pertaining aspect of prejudice side. Therefore, prejudice has both cognitive and affective components. Affective component is the positive or negative attitude or feeling while cognitive component contains stereotypes. Stereotypes are beliefs about people based on their membership in a particular group. Stereotypes can be positive, negative, or neutral. Stereotypes based on gender, ethnicity, or occupation are common in many societies. Stereotypes often results from, and leads to, prejudice and bigotry. The reasons appearing of stereotype is variable, It occurs When people encounter instances that disconfirm their stereotypes of a particular group, they tend to assume that those instances are atypical subtypes of the group. Second, People’s perceptions are influenced by their expectations. And last, People selectively recall instances that confirm their stereotypes and forget about disconfirming instances. As a branch from stereotype, prejudice is a destructive phenomenon, and it is pervasive because it serves many psychological, social, and economic functions. It allows people to bond with their own group by contrasting their own groups to outsider groups. Conclusion This short story which Roxana wrote showed about an experience of Indonesian immigrant who visited and spent the weekend at one of New Jersey’s families, Riordan’s house. Based on discussion above, it is described that the two daughters, Susan and Kate had first bad impression toward Mr. Sumarsono as a strange foreigner. This signs that their attitude showed the prejudice aspect of the racial differences. References Robinson, Roxana. Asking for Love: Mr. Sumarsono. New York: Random House. 1996. Print University of Colorado, USA. Prejudice and Discrimination. http://www. colorado. edu. 1998 (Access Date: Wednesday, May 02, 2012) Anonim. Roxana Robinson Biography. http://www. roxanarobinson. com. (Access date : Wednesday, May O2,2012) Sparknotes editor. Social Psychology. http://www. sparknotes. com. 2007(Access date: Thursday, May 03 2012).